An influential interpretation of Kant’s Doctrine of Right suggests that the relationship between public Right and freedom is constitutive rather than instrumental. The focus has been domestic Right and members’ relation to their own state and has resulted in a statist bias, which has not adequately dealt with the fact that Kant regards public Right as a system composed of three levels – domestic, international, and cosmopolitan Right. This article suggests that the constitutive relationship is between all levels of Right, on the one hand, and ‘freedom in the external relation’ of all human beings, on the other hand.