This report is made up of three separate sections. Section 1 offers an analysis of maritime crime trends off the Horn of Africa (HoA). Section 2 is an evaluation of a set of past programmes aimed at countering maritime crime. Finally, section 3 combines findings from sections 1 and 2 to make recommendations on how to shape future engagements. The summary below highlights key findings from each of the two analytical sections of the report and presents the main challenges identified in section 3.